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Jurors deciding the case of a reputed Ku Klux Klansman will have to decide without

hearing from him whether he took part in the deadly attacks of two black teenagers

in the Jim Crow era.



Attorneys for James Ford Seale, 71, said he will not testify in his own defense in

the case, expected to wrap up this week.


Seale has pleaded not guilty to federal kidnapping and conspiracy charges in the

1964 attacks on Henry Hezekiah Dee and Charles Eddie Moore in rural southwest

Mississippi. If convicted, Seale faces up to life in prison.



Confessed Klansman Charles Marcus Edwards testified that he and Seale along with

other KKK members in a chapter or "klavern" led by Seale's late father took part

in abducting the 19-year-olds.


Edwards, a longtime friend of Seale, was granted immunity from prosecution. He

testified that Seale pointed a sawed-off shotgun at Dee and Moore while Klansmen

beat them in a remote part of the Homochitto National Forest.


He said Seale talked weeks later about helping dump the young men in a Mississippi

River backwater south of Vicksburg. Seale put duct tape on Dee and Moore, put them

in a plastic-lined trunk, and with other Klansmen took them across the border into

Louisiana, where they were dumped into the river still alive, Edwards testified.


Defense attorney Kathy Nester repeatedly challenged statements Edwards has given

to law enforcement officers and made in news accounts over the past four decades.


"Frankly, every time he has ever told this story, he has told it differently,"

Nester told U.S. District Judge Henry T. Wingate.


Defense attorneys say that for Seale to be convicted of kidnapping, prosecutors

must convince jurors that Dee and Moore were alive when they were taken into

Louisiana.


Monday will mark the sixth day of testimony. Wingate is expected to rule on

prosecutors' request to use statements from now-dead Klansman Ernest Gilbert, who

became an FBI informant and gave information that led to the discovery of body

parts and other evidence in the killings of Dee and Moore.


Wingate ruled earlier that Gilbert's statements couldn't be used, but prosecutors

now say defense attorneys alluded to the statements during their cross-examination

of Edwards.


Edwards is scheduled to finish his testimony Monday. In previous news accounts,

Edwards was reported to be a cousin of Seale's. At the request of The Associated

Press, Nester checked with Seale's relatives Friday and said there is no blood

relationship between the men.


Prosecutors plan to call three or four other witnesses, and defense attorneys plan

to call seven. The jury could start deliberating by midweek. There are eight white

and four black jurors. Three white alternates also have been hearing the case.


(This version CORRECTS 'Klu' to 'Ku' in lead)


Copyright 2007 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be

published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.


A domestic dispute erupted into a mass killing in southern Wisconsin, leaving six

people, including two infant boys, shot to death, and a 2-year-old girl with a

gunshot to her chest, authorities said.


A prosecutor said late Sunday that no one was in custody but that police weren't

looking for a suspect and no one else was in danger.


"What we have is a complicated death scene and we're investigating all the

possibilities," said Kevin St. John, a spokesman with the state Justice

Department, which is leading the investigation.


Walworth County District Attorney Phillip Koss said the shooting was part of a

domestic dispute, but he wouldn't elaborate until autopsies were completed and the

crime scene was fully evaluated.


Officers, responding to a report of shots fired, stormed an A-frame duplex

Saturday night with weapons drawn, kicking in the door, neighbor Richard Heideman

said. He saw two paramedics go in behind them and come back out minutes later.


"That's when I knew everybody was dead," Heideman said.


As the bodies were wheeled out, one onlooker dropped to his knees on a neighbor's

lawn and threw his hands to the sky in prayer.


The 2-year-old girl was found in a nearby van, seriously wounded. A male family

member who escaped the shooting was helping investigators.


Authorities have not released the victims' names, but Kay Macara said her 19-year-

old daughter, Vanessa Iverson, was among the dead. With tears in her eyes, Macara

said her daughter went to the apartment the previous night to visit friends.


"My child," she said. "I want answers."


Also in the house during the shooting were the twin infants, their parents, and

the mother's sister and her husband, said Sarah Iverson, Iverson's sister-in-law.


The 2-year-old sister of the twins, Jasmine, was in serious condition at

University of Wisconsin Hospital in Madison.


The father of the children, 22-year-old Ambrocio Analco, was one of the dead, said

Marco Pastrana, Analco's cousin. He said the twin boys were 2 to 3 months old.


"What we have is a complicated death scene and we're investigating all the

possibilities," said Kevin St. John, a spokesman with the state Justice

Department, which is leading the investigation.


Walworth County District Attorney Phillip Koss said the shooting was part of a

domestic dispute, but he wouldn't elaborate until autopsies were completed and the

crime scene was fully evaluated.


Officers, responding to a report of shots fired, stormed an A-frame duplex

Saturday night with weapons drawn, kicking in the door, neighbor Richard Heideman

said. He saw two paramedics go in behind them and come back out minutes later.


"That's when I knew everybody was dead," Heideman said.


As the bodies were wheeled out, one onlooker dropped to his knees on a neighbor's

lawn and threw his hands to the sky in prayer.


The 2-year-old girl was found in a nearby van, seriously wounded. A male family

member who escaped the shooting was helping investigators.


Authorities have not released the victims' names, but Kay Macara said her 19-year-

old daughter, Vanessa Iverson, was among the dead. With tears in her eyes, Macara

said her daughter went to the apartment the previous night to visit friends.


"My child," she said. "I want answers."


Also in the house during the shooting were the twin infants, their parents, and

the mother's sister and her husband, said Sarah Iverson, Iverson's sister-in-law.


The 2-year-old sister of the twins, Jasmine, was in serious condition at

University of Wisconsin Hospital in Madison.


The father of the children, 22-year-old Ambrocio Analco, was one of the dead, said

Marco Pastrana, Analco's cousin. He said the twin boys were 2 to 3 months old.


"What we have is a complicated death scene and we're investigating all the

possibilities," said Kevin St. John, a spokesman with the state Justice

Department, which is leading the investigation.


Walworth County District Attorney Phillip Koss said the shooting was part of a

domestic dispute, but he wouldn't elaborate until autopsies were completed and the

crime scene was fully evaluated.


Officers, responding to a report of shots fired, stormed an A-frame duplex

Saturday night with weapons drawn, kicking in the door, neighbor Richard Heideman

said. He saw two paramedics go in behind them and come back out minutes later.


"That's when I knew everybody was dead," Heideman said.


As the bodies were wheeled out, one onlooker dropped to his knees on a neighbor's

lawn and threw his hands to the sky in prayer.


The 2-year-old girl was found in a nearby van, seriously wounded. A male family

member who escaped the shooting was helping investigators.


Authorities have not released the victims' names, but Kay Macara said her 19-year-

old daughter, Vanessa Iverson, was among the dead. With tears in her eyes, Macara

said her daughter went to the apartment the previous night to visit friends.


"My child," she said. "I want answers."


Also in the house during the shooting were the twin infants, their parents, and

the mother's sister and her husband, said Sarah Iverson, Iverson's sister-in-law.


The 2-year-old sister of the twins, Jasmine, was in serious condition at

University of Wisconsin Hospital in Madison.


The father of the children, 22-year-old Ambrocio Analco, was one of the dead, said

Marco Pastrana, Analco's cousin. He said the twin boys were 2 to 3 months old.


Pastrana said Analco no longer lived with the children's mother. Analco left

Pastrana's house Saturday night to drop the kids off with her at the duplex,

Pastrana said.


"It came to my mind that this was not true," Pastrana said. "But when I came here

I went to talk to the cops and they tell me that he was dead, his kids were dead

and one was in the hospital."


Neighbor Leandra Mena, 65, said she heard what she thought were firecrackers

coming from the house around 10:30 p.m. Saturday


Police cordoned off two blocks around the duplex for most of the day. On Sunday

morning neighbors, some still bleary-eyed, clustered on the sidewalks, watching

investigators move bodies out of the house.


Tina McKinnon, 37, lives about a block away and said there was never any commotion

at the house. "The children were very pleasant," she said.


Delavan, home to about 8,000 people, lies in the farm fields and woods between

Janesville and Milwaukee. The P.T. Barnum Circus, "The Greatest Show on Earth,"

was founded in Delavan in 1871, and statues of circus animals decorate the town

square.


Associated Press writers Scott Bauer, Mark Carlson and Carrie Antlfinger

contributed to this report.



Copyright 2007 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be

published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.


Anti-death penalty forces have gained momentum in the past few years, with a

moratorium in Illinois, court disputes over lethal injection in more than a half-

dozen states and progress toward outright abolishment in New Jersey.


The steady drumbeat of DNA exonerations pointing out flaws in the justice system

has weighed against capital punishment. The moral opposition is loud, too, echoed

in Europe and the rest of the industrialized world, where all but a few countries

banned executions years ago.


What gets little notice, however, is a series of academic studies over the last

half-dozen years that claim to settle a once hotly debated argument whether the

death penalty acts as a deterrent to murder. The analyses say yes. They count

between three and 18 lives that would be saved by the execution of each convicted

killer.



The reports have horrified death penalty opponents and several scientists, who

vigorously question the data and its implications.



So far, the studies have had little impact on public policy. New Jersey's

commission on the death penalty this year dismissed the body of knowledge on

deterrence as "inconclusive."


But the ferocious argument in academic circles could eventually spread to a wider

audience, as it has in the past.


"Science does really draw a conclusion. It did. There is no question about it,"

said Naci Mocan, an economics professor at the University of Colorado at

Denver. "The conclusion is there is a deterrent effect."


A 2003 study he co-authored, and a 2006 study that re-examined the data, found

that each execution results in five fewer homicides, and commuting a death

sentence means five more homicides. "The results are robust, they don't really go

away," he said. "I oppose the death penalty. But my results show that the death

penalty (deters) what am I going to do, hide them?"


Statistical studies like his are among a dozen papers since 2001 that capital

punishment has deterrent effects. They all explore the same basic theory if the

cost of something (be it the purchase of an apple or the act of killing someone)

becomes too high, people will change their behavior (forego apples or shy from

murder).


To explore the question, they look at executions and homicides, by year and by

state or county, trying to tease out the impact of the death penalty on homicides

by accounting for other factors, such as unemployment data and per capita income,

the probabilities of arrest and conviction, and more.


Among the conclusions:


Each execution deters an average of 18 murders, according to a 2003 nationwide

study by professors at Emory University. (Other studies have estimated the

deterred murders per execution at three, five and 14).


The Illinois moratorium on executions in 2000 led to 150 additional homicides over

four years following, according to a 2006 study by professors at the University of

Houston.


Speeding up executions would strengthen the deterrent effect. For every 2.75 years

cut from time spent on death row, one murder would be prevented, according to a

2004 study by an Emory University professor.


In 2005, there were 16,692 cases of murder and nonnegligent manslaughter

nationally. There were 60 executions.


The studies' conclusions drew a philosophical response from a well-known liberal

law professor, University of Chicago's Cass Sunstein. A critic of the death

penalty, in 2005 he co-authored a paper titled "Is capital punishment morally

required?"


"If it's the case that executing murderers prevents the execution of innocents by

murderers, then the moral evaluation is not simple," he told The Associated

Press. "Abolitionists or others, like me, who are skeptical about the death

penalty haven't given adequate consideration to the possibility that innocent life

is saved by the death penalty."


Sunstein said that moral questions aside, the data needs more study.


Critics of the findings have been vociferous.


Some claim that the pro-deterrent studies made profound mistakes in their

methodology, so their results are untrustworthy. Another critic argues that the

studies wrongly count all homicides, rather than just those homicides where a

conviction could bring the death penalty. And several argue that there are simply

too few executions each year in the United States to make a judgment.

英文ですか　では
　
　
　
He said Seale talked weeks later about helping dump the young men in a Mississippi

River backwater south of Vicksburg. Seale put duct tape on Dee and Moore, put them

in a plastic-lined trunk, and with other Klansmen took them across the border into

Louisiana, where they were dumped into the river still alive, Edwards testified.


Defense attorney Kathy Nester repeatedly challenged statements Edwards has given

to law enforcement officers and made in news accounts over the past four decades.


"Frankly, every time he has ever told this story, he has told it differently,"

Nester told U.S. District Judge Henry T. Wingate.


Defense attorneys say that for Seale to be convicted of kidnapping, prosecutors

must convince jurors that Dee and Moore were alive when they were taken into

Louisiana.


Monday will mark the sixth day of testimony. Wingate is expected to rule on

prosecutors' request to use statements from now-dead Klansman Ernest Gilbert, who

became an FBI informant and gave information that led to the discovery of body

parts and other evidence in the killings of Dee and Moore.


Wingate ruled earlier that Gilbert's statements couldn't be used, but prosecutors

now say defense attorneys alluded to the statements during their cross-examination

of Edwards.


Edwards is scheduled to finish his testimony Monday. In previous news accounts,

Edwards was reported to be a cousin of Seale's. At the request of The Associated

Press, Nester checked with Seale's relatives Friday and said there is no blood

relationship between the men.


Prosecutors plan to call three or four other witnesses, and defense attorneys plan

to call seven. The jury could start deliberating by midweek. There are eight white

and four black jurors. Three white alternates also have been hearing the case.


(This version CORRECTS 'Klu' to 'Ku' in lead)


Copyright 2007 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be

published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.


A domestic dispute erupted into a mass killing in southern Wisconsin, leaving six

people, including two infant boys, shot to death, and a 2-year-old girl with a

gunshot to her chest, authorities said.


A prosecutor said late Sunday that no one was in custody but that police weren't

looking for a suspect and no one else was in danger.


"What we have is a complicated death scene and we're investigating all the

possibilities," said Kevin St. John, a spokesman with the state Justice

Department, which is leading the investigation.


Walworth County District Attorney Phillip Koss said the shooting was part of a

domestic dispute, but he wouldn't elaborate until autopsies were completed and the

crime scene was fully evaluated.


Officers, responding to a report of shots fired, stormed an A-frame duplex

Saturday night with weapons drawn, kicking in the door, neighbor Richard Heideman

said. He saw two paramedics go in behind them and come back out minutes later.


"That's when I knew everybody was dead," Heideman said.


As the bodies were wheeled out, one onlooker dropped to his knees on a neighbor's

lawn and threw his hands to the sky in prayer.


The 2-year-old girl was found in a nearby van, seriously wounded. A male family

member who escaped the shooting was helping investigators.


Authorities have not released the victims' names, but Kay Macara said her 19-year-

old daughter, Vanessa Iverson, was among the dead. With tears in her eyes, Macara

said her daughter went to the apartment the previous night to visit friends.


"My child," she said. "I want answers."


Also in the house during the shooting were the twin infants, their parents, and

the mother's sister and her husband, said Sarah Iverson, Iverson's sister-in-law.


The 2-year-old sister of the twins, Jasmine, was in serious condition at

University of Wisconsin Hospital in Madison.


The father of the children, 22-year-old Ambrocio Analco, was one of the dead, said

Marco Pastrana, Analco's cousin. He said the twin boys were 2 to 3 months old.


"What we have is a complicated death scene and we're investigating all the

possibilities," said Kevin St. John, a spokesman with the state Justice

Department, which is leading the investigation.


Walworth County District Attorney Phillip Koss said the shooting was part of a

domestic dispute, but he wouldn't elaborate until autopsies were completed and the

crime scene was fully evaluated.


Officers, responding to a report of shots fired, stormed an A-frame duplex

Saturday night with weapons drawn, kicking in the door, neighbor Richard Heideman

said. He saw two paramedics go in behind them and come back out minutes later.


"That's when I knew everybody was dead," Heideman said.


As the bodies were wheeled out, one onlooker dropped to his knees on a neighbor's

lawn and threw his hands to the sky in prayer.


The 2-year-old girl was found in a nearby van, seriously wounded. A male family

member who escaped the shooting was helping investigators.


Authorities have not released the victims' names, but Kay Macara said her 19-year-

old daughter, Vanessa Iverson, was among the dead. With tears in her eyes, Macara

said her daughter went to the apartment the previous night to visit friends.


"My child," she said. "I want answers."


Also in the house during the shooting were the twin infants, their parents, and

the mother's sister and her husband, said Sarah Iverson, Iverson's sister-in-law.


The 2-year-old sister of the twins, Jasmine, was in serious condition at

University of Wisconsin Hospital in Madison.


The father of the children, 22-year-old Ambrocio Analco, was one of the dead, said

Marco Pastrana, Analco's cousin. He said the twin boys were 2 to 3 months old.


"What we have is a complicated death scene and we're investigating all the

possibilities," said Kevin St. John, a spokesman with the state Justice

Department, which is leading the investigation.


Walworth County District Attorney Phillip Koss said the shooting was part of a

domestic dispute, but he wouldn't elaborate until autopsies were completed and the

crime scene was fully evaluated.


Officers, responding to a report of shots fired, stormed an A-frame duplex

Saturday night with weapons drawn, kicking in the door, neighbor Richard Heideman

said. He saw two paramedics go in behind them and come back out minutes later.


"That's when I knew everybody was dead," Heideman said.


As the bodies were wheeled out, one onlooker dropped to his knees on a neighbor's

lawn and threw his hands to the sky in prayer.


The 2-year-old girl was found in a nearby van, seriously wounded. A male family

member who escaped the shooting was helping investigators.


Authorities have not released the victims' names, but Kay Macara said her 19-year-

old daughter, Vanessa Iverson, was among the dead. With tears in her eyes, Macara

said her daughter went to the apartment the previous night to visit friends.


"My child," she said. "I want answers."


Also in the house during the shooting were the twin infants, their parents, and

the mother's sister and her husband, said Sarah Iverson, Iverson's sister-in-law.


The 2-year-old sister of the twins, Jasmine, was in serious condition at

University of Wisconsin Hospital in Madison.


The father of the children, 22-year-old Ambrocio Analco, was one of the dead, said

Marco Pastrana, Analco's cousin. He said the twin boys were 2 to 3 months old.


Pastrana said Analco no longer lived with the children's mother. Analco left

Pastrana's house Saturday night to drop the kids off with her at the duplex,

Pastrana said.


"It came to my mind that this was not true," Pastrana said. "But when I came here

I went to talk to the cops and they tell me that he was dead, his kids were dead

and one was in the hospital."


Neighbor Leandra Mena, 65, said she heard what she thought were firecrackers

coming from the house around 10:30 p.m. Saturday


Police cordoned off two blocks around the duplex for most of the day. On Sunday

morning neighbors, some still bleary-eyed, clustered on the sidewalks, watching

investigators move bodies out of the house.


Tina McKinnon, 37, lives about a block away and said there was never any commotion

at the house. "The children were very pleasant," she said.


Delavan, home to about 8,000 people, lies in the farm fields and woods between

Janesville and Milwaukee. The P.T. Barnum Circus, "The Greatest Show on Earth,"

was founded in Delavan in 1871, and statues of circus animals decorate the town

square.


Associated Press writers Scott Bauer, Mark Carlson and Carrie Antlfinger

contributed to this report.



Copyright 2007 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be

published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.


Anti-death penalty forces have gained momentum in the past few years, with a

moratorium in Illinois, court disputes over lethal injection in more than a half-

dozen states and progress toward outright abolishment in New Jersey.


The steady drumbeat of DNA exonerations pointing out flaws in the justice system

has weighed against capital punishment. The moral opposition is loud, too, echoed

in Europe and the rest of the industrialized world, where all but a few countries

banned executions years ago.


What gets little notice, however, is a series of academic studies over the last

half-dozen years that claim to settle a once hotly debated argument whether the

death penalty acts as a deterrent to murder. The analyses say yes. They count

between three and 18 lives that would be saved by the execution of each convicted

killer.



The reports have horrified death penalty opponents and several scientists, who

vigorously question the data and its implications.



So far, the studies have had little impact on public policy. New Jersey's

commission on the death penalty this year dismissed the body of knowledge on

deterrence as "inconclusive."


But the ferocious argument in academic circles could eventually spread to a wider

audience, as it has in the past.


"Science does really draw a conclusion. It did. There is no question about it,"

said Naci Mocan, an economics professor at the University of Colorado at

Denver. "The conclusion is there is a deterrent effect."


A 2003 study he co-authored, and a 2006 study that re-examined the data, found

that each execution results in five fewer homicides, and commuting a death

sentence means five more homicides. "The results are robust, they don't really go

away," he said. "I oppose the death penalty. But my results show that the death

penalty (deters) what am I going to do, hide them?"


Statistical studies like his are among a dozen papers since 2001 that capital

punishment has deterrent effects. They all explore the same basic theory if the

cost of something (be it the purchase of an apple or the act of killing someone)

becomes too high, people will change their behavior (forego apples or shy from

murder).


To explore the question, they look at executions and homicides, by year and by

state or county, trying to tease out the impact of the death penalty on homicides

by accounting for other factors, such as unemployment data and per capita income,

the probabilities of arrest and conviction, and more.


Among the conclusions:


Each execution deters an average of 18 murders, according to a 2003 nationwide

study by professors at Emory University. (Other studies have estimated the

deterred murders per execution at three, five and 14).


The Illinois moratorium on executions in 2000 led to 150 additional homicides over

four years following, according to a 2006 study by professors at the University of

Houston.


Speeding up executions would strengthen the deterrent effect. For every 2.75 years

cut from time spent on death row, one murder would be prevented, according to a

2004 study by an Emory University professor.


In 2005, there were 16,692 cases of murder and nonnegligent manslaughter

nationally. There were 60 executions.


The studies' conclusions drew a philosophical response from a well-known liberal

law professor, University of Chicago's Cass Sunstein. A critic of the death

penalty, in 2005 he co-authored a paper titled "Is capital punishment morally

required?"


"If it's the case that executing murderers prevents the execution of innocents by

murderers, then the moral evaluation is not simple," he told The Associated

Press. "Abolitionists or others, like me, who are skeptical about the death

penalty haven't given adequate consideration to the possibility that innocent life

is saved by the death penalty."

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